{"id":2879,"date":"2016-03-07T14:41:56","date_gmt":"2016-03-07T12:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bcdturkey.com.tr\/?p=1807"},"modified":"2016-03-07T14:41:56","modified_gmt":"2016-03-07T12:41:56","slug":"risk-yonetimi-banka-karliliklari-ve-kobi-lere-olasi-etkiler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/risk-yonetimi-banka-karliliklari-ve-kobi-lere-olasi-etkiler\/","title":{"rendered":"Risk Y\u00f6netimi Banka Karl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 & KOB\u0130 lere Etkiler"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bankalar\u0131n karl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 son d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok\u00e7a konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131, bir tarafta b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc di\u011fer tarafta KOB\u0130 lerin kredi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 . BDDK n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 istatistiklere g\u00f6re son 7 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde bankalar\u0131n aktifleri, \u00f6zkaynak karl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, sermaye yeterlilik oranlar\u0131, kredi b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 ile ilgili de\u011fi\u015fimler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda g\u00f6sterilmektedir .<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bankalar\u0131n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 2015 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00f6zkaynak karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 %23\u2019lerden %8\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ancak 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 hari\u00e7 \u00f6zkaynak karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hep enflasyonun \u00fczerinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sermaye yeterlilik oran\u0131 ise %20\u2019den %15\u2019e gerilemi\u015ftir. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011fi ve 2016 dada bu durum devam ederse \u00f6zkaynak karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n enflasyonun alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 riski mevcuttur. Bu durum bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin kuvvetli yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmaya ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"tablo<\/a>Son d\u00f6nemde Borsada banka endeksine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda % 27 ler mertebesinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f bu a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu 7 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde bankalar\u0131n \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ve kamuyu fonlamas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc aktif b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fcme\u00a0 %14\u2019den %20\u2019 ye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde kredinin mevduata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm oran\u0131\u00a0 % 76\u2019dan % 117\u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Bankalar\u0131n aktiflerinde h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve kredininin mevduata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131n %117\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir nedeni sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6zkaynak karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iyi olmas\u0131 ve sermaye yeterlilik oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bu sayede bankalar yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a uygun ko\u015fullarda bor\u00e7lanma (Sendikasyon) olana\u011f\u0131 bulmakta, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bor\u00e7lanma yolu ile elde ettikleri bu\u00a0 kaynaklar\u0131 ekonomiye kredi olarak aktarmaktad\u0131rlar. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yabanc\u0131 para cinsinden ucuz faizle bor\u00e7lanarak gerek yurt i\u00e7inde y\u00fcksek yabanc\u0131 para faizle ve yine TL cinsinden y\u00fcksek faizle verilen krediler hem aktif karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hemde \u00f6zkaynak karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok olumlu etkilemi\u015ftir. Son d\u00f6nemlere kadar kurun artmamas\u0131 ve ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 bor\u00e7lanma\/Gsmh n\u0131n g\u00f6receli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 bu karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sekt\u00f6rdeki sorunlu krediler ve y\u00fcksek oranl\u0131 Cost\/income rasyosu bu karl\u0131 tablo i\u00e7inde eritilebilmi\u015f ve y\u00f6netilebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn son yedi y\u0131ldaki bu performans\u0131 nedeniyle GSMH\u2019da son yedi y\u0131lda ortalama %5 civar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcme kaydedilmi\u015ftir. Bu performans\u0131n bireysel bankac\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131 i\u00e7 t\u00fcketime dayal\u0131 kredi kart\u0131,t\u00fcketici kredileri ve konut kredileri, ticari taraf\u0131n\u0131n ise a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak in\u015faat ve yan sekt\u00f6rlerine ili\u015fkin kredilerle\u00a0, sabit yat\u0131r\u0131m kredileri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz . Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle ihracat ve rekabet\u00e7i teknoji konular\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren KOB\u0130<\/strong> finansman\u0131 g\u00f6receli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0Bu durumun hem reel hem bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc arz talebi ile h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu oldu\u011fuda ba\u015fka bir ger\u00e7ektir<\/p>\n

Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan tahvil ve bono yolu ile bor\u00e7lanarak kaynak yaratabilen \u015firket say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok az, bor\u00e7lanma maliyetleri ise olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bor\u00e7lanma ve g\u00f6receli uygun maliyetler ancak bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olabilmektedir\u00a0. Bozulan ekonomik ve finansal iklim nedeniyle \u015firketlerin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan do\u011frudan bor\u00e7lanma imkan\u0131 gittik\u00e7ede daralmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan uygun ko\u015fullarda kaynak bulunmas\u0131 ve bu kaynaklar\u0131n ekonomiye aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00a0\u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bankalar\u0131nda elde ettikleri bu k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 uygun ko\u015fullarda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u015firketlere aktarmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda Ticari bankac\u0131l\u0131k kadrolar\u0131nada do\u011fru bilgili ve yetkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak yat\u0131r\u0131mlara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vererek \u00a0daha iyi\u00a0ve kaliteli analizlerle\u00a0do\u011fru riskleri alarak\u00a0 KOB\u0130 d\u00fczeyinde verimli sekt\u00f6r ve \u015firketlere de daha uygun \u015fartlarda kaynak aktarmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz artan kur, artan bat\u0131k krediler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tasarruf oran\u0131, artan ve bo\u00e7lanma \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na gelen ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 bor\u00e7lanma\/Gsmh oranlar\u0131 , y\u00fcksek banka i\u015fletme maliyetleri , T\u00fcrkiye ile ilgili yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 risk alg\u0131lar\u0131 ,FED in faiz art\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ile geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerden \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131cak para\u00a0 nedenleri ile yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olas\u0131 bor\u00e7 verme i\u015ftah\u0131nda olabilecek azalmalar\u00a0 muhtemelen sendikasyon yenileme maliyetlerini art\u0131rabilecekdir.\u00a0Nihayetinde 2015 banka bilan\u00e7olar\u0131na yans\u0131yan etkiler bankalar\u0131n mali yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki olas\u0131 bir bozulman\u0131n maliyetinin hem bankalar hemde KOB\u0130<\/strong> ler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha fazla olmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bozulma demi\u015fken Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc insan kayna\u011f\u0131\u00a0 son 15 y\u0131lda reel sekt\u00f6r ve piyasa dinamikleri ile i\u00e7 i\u00e7e, piyasa ve riski tan\u0131yan takip eden analiz edebilen ve do\u011fru riskleri alabilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yerini ili\u015fki y\u00f6netimi ile sat\u0131\u015fa odakl\u0131 bankac\u0131l\u0131k bilgi birikim ve nosyonuna yeterince sahip olmayan g\u00f6receli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir profile b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bankalar\u0131n verdikleri y\u00fcksek hedefler ve sat\u0131\u015f bask\u0131s\u0131 banka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ticari hayat dinamik ve ger\u00e7eklerine olan odaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015f bu de\u011fi\u015fimin sonucuda ciddi anlamda artan NPL sorunlu kredi oranlar\u0131 ile kendini g\u00f6stermektedir , y\u00fczd\u00fcr\u00fclen yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan kredileri dikkate al\u0131rsak banka \u00f6zkaynak ve sermaye yeterlilik rasyolar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen rakamlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fuda muhtemel bir ger\u00e7ekliktir. Bir ba\u015fka sonu\u00e7 ise bu de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7erisinde bilgili, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve i\u015fi bankac\u0131l\u0131k olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn reel sekt\u00f6r,yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yada kendi i\u015flerini kurarak sekt\u00f6r d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak KOB\u0130<\/strong> lerin kaynak\/sermaye sa\u011flama y\u00f6n\u00fc ile en b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f ortaklar\u0131 olan bankalardaki bu de\u011fi\u015fimi ve bu de\u011fi\u015fimin k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile risk y\u00f6netimi, verimlilik ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme konular\u0131n\u0131 her zamankinden \u00e7ok daha fazla \u00f6nem ve ciddiyet addederek y\u00f6netmeleri gerekmektedir. KOB\u0130<\/strong> lerin bankalardan bu konj\u00f6nkt\u00fcrde empati bekleyerek kaderci bir yakla\u015f\u0131m yerine inisiyatifi kendilerin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yada profosyonel destek alarak risk y\u00f6netimi \u2013 verimlilik ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme konular\u0131n\u0131 ele almalar\u0131 ve y\u00f6netmeleri \u00f6ncelikle kendileri sonras\u0131ndada milli ekonominin yarar\u0131na olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

BCD<\/strong> 11 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ,28 y\u0131ll\u0131k bankac\u0131l\u0131k bilgi birikim ve y\u00f6neticilik tecr\u00fcbesi ile KOB\u0130 <\/strong>lere risk y\u00f6netimi , verimlilik ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme konular\u0131nda hizmet vermeye devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0 Bankalar\u0131n karl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 son d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok\u00e7a konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131, bir tarafta b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc di\u011fer tarafta KOB\u0130 lerin kredi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 . BDDK n\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 istatistiklere g\u00f6re son 7 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde bankalar\u0131n aktifleri, \u00f6zkaynak karl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, sermaye yeterlilik oranlar\u0131, kredi b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 ile ilgili de\u011fi\u015fimler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda g\u00f6sterilmektedir . Bankalar\u0131n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 2015 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00f6zkaynak karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 %23\u2019lerden %8\u2019e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum","category-guncel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2879\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcdturkey.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}